ΑΡΑΤΟΣ ΣΟΛΕΥΣ, Φαινόμενα καὶ Διοσημεῖα

1 Ἐκ Διὸς ἀρχώμεσθα ¹, τὸν οὐδέποτ’ ἄνδρες ἐῶμεν
ἄρρητον. Μεσταὶ δὲ Διὸς πᾶσαι μὲν ἀγυιαί,
πᾶσαι δ’ ἀνθρώπων ἀγοραί, μεστὴ δὲ θάλασσα
καὶ λιμένες· πάντη δὲ Διὸς κεχρήμεθα πάντες.
5 Τοῦ γὰρ καὶ γένος εἰμέν. ὁ δ’ ἤπιος ἀνθρώποισι
δεξιὰ σημαίνει, λαοὺς δ’ ἐπὶ ἔργον ἐγείρει
μιμνήσκων βιότοιο· λέγει δ’ ὅτε βῶλος ἀρίστη ²
βουσί τε καὶ μακέλῃσι, λέγει δ’ ὅτε δεξιαὶ ὧραι
καὶ φυτὰ γυρῶσαι καὶ σπέρματα πάντα βαλέσθαι.
10 Αὐτὸς γὰρ τά γε σήματ’ ἐν οὐρανῷ ἐστήριξεν ³,
ἄστρα διακρίνας, ἐσκέψατο δ’ εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν
ἀστέρας οἵ κε μάλιστα τετυγμένα σημαίνοιεν
ἀνδράσιν ὡράων, ὄφρ’ ἔμπεδα πάντα φύωνται.
Τῷ μιν ἀεὶ πρῶτόν τε καὶ ὕστατον ἱλάσκονται.
15 Χαῖρε, πάτερ, μέγα θαῦμα, μέγ’ ἀνθρώποισιν ὄνειαρ,
αὐτὸς καὶ προτέρη γενεή, χαίροιτε δὲ, Μοῦσαι,
μειλίχιαι μάλα πᾶσαι. Ἐμοί γε μὲν ἀστέρας εἰπεῖν
ᾗ Θέμις εὐχομένῳ τεκμήρατε πᾶσαν ἀοιδήν.

     From Zeus let us begin; him do we mortals never leave unnamed; full of Zeus are all the streets and all the market-places of men; full is the sea and the havens thereof; always we all have need of Zeus. For we are also his offspring; and he in his kindness unto men giveth favourable signs and wakeneth the people to work, reminding them of livelihood. He tells what time the soil is best for the labour  of the ox and for the mattock, and what time the seasons are favourable both for the planting of trees and for casting all manner of seeds. For himself it was who set the signs in heaven, and marked out the constellations, and for the year devised what stars chiefly should give to men right signs of the seasons, to the end that all things might grow unfailingly. Wherefore him do men ever worship first and last. Hail, O Father, mighty marvel, mighty blessing unto men. Hail to thee and to the Elder Race! Hail, ye Muses, right kindly, every one! But for me, too, in answer to my prayer direct all my lay, even as is meet, to tell the stars.

Οἱ μὲν ὁμῶς πολέες τε καὶ ἄλλυδις ἄλλοι ἐόντες
20 οὐρανῷ ἕλκονται πάντ’ ἤματα συνεχὲς αἰεί·
αὐτὰρ ὅ γ’ οὐδ’ ὀλίγον μετανίσσεται, ἀλλὰ μάλ’ αὕτως
ἄξων αἰὲν ἄρηρεν, ἔχει δ’ ἀτάλαντον ἁπάντη
μεσσηγὺς γαῖαν, περὶ δ’ οὐρανὸν αὐτὸν ἀγινεῖ.
Καί μιν πειραίνουσι δύω πόλοι ἀμφοτέρωθεν·
25 ἀλλ’ ὁ μὲν οὐκ ἐπίοπτος, ὁ δ’ ἀντίος ἐκ βορέαο
ὑψόθεν ὠκεανοῖο. Δύω δέ μιν ἀμφὶς ἔχουσαι
Ἄρκτοι ἅμα τροχόωσι· τὸ δὴ καλέονται Ἅμαξαι ⁴.
Αἱ δ’ ἤτοι κεφαλὰς μὲν ἐπ’ ἰξύας αἰὲν ἔχουσιν
ἀλλήλων, αἰεὶ δὲ κατωμάδιαι φορέονται,
30 ἔμπαλιν εἰς ὤμους τετραμμέναι. Εἰ ἐτεὸν δή,
Κρήτηθεν κεῖναί γε Διὸς μεγάλου ἰότητι
οὐρανὸν εἰσανέβησαν, ὅ μιν τότε κουρίζοντα
Δίκτῃ ἐν εὐώδει, ὄρεος σχεδὸν Ἰδαίοιο,
ἄντρῳ ἐγκατέθεντο καὶ ἔτρεφον εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν,
35 Δικταῖοι Κούρητες ὅτε Κρόνον ἐψεύδοντο.
Καὶ τὴν μὲν Κυνόσουραν ἐπίκλησιν καλέουσιν,
τὴν δ’ ἑτέρην Ἑλίκην. Ἑλίκῃ γε μὲν ἄνδρες Ἀχαιοὶ
εἰν ἁλὶ τεκμαίρονται ἵνα χρὴ νῆας ἀγινεῖν,
τῇ δ’ ἄρα Φοίνικες πίσυνοι περόωσι θάλασσαν.
40 Ἀλλ’ ἡ μὲν καθαρὴ καὶ ἐπιφράσσασθαι ἑτοίμη
πολλὴ φαινομένη Ἑλίκη πρώτης ἀπὸ νυκτός ⁵ ·
ἡ δ’ ἑτέρη ὀλίγη μέν, ἀτὰρ ναύτῃσιν ἀρείων·
μειοτέρῃ γὰρ πᾶσα περιστρέφεται στροφάλιγγι·
τῇ καὶ Σιδόνιοι ἰθύντατα ναυτίλλονται.

     They, all alike, many though they be and other star in other path, are drawn across the heavens always through all time continually. But the Axis shifts not a whit, but unchanging is for ever fixed, and in the midsts it holds the earth in equipoise, and wheels the heaven itself around. On either side the Axis ends in two Poles, but thereof the one is not seen, whereas the other faces us in the north high above the ocean. Encompassing it two Bears [Ursa Major & Minor] wheel together – wherefore they are also called the Wains. Now they ever hold their heads each toward the flank of the other, and are borne along always shoulder-wise, turned alternate on their shoulders. If, indeed, the tale be true, from Crete they by the will of mighty Zeus entered up into heaven, for that when in olden days he played as a child in fragrant Dicton, near the hill of Ida, they set him in a cave and nurtured him for the space of a year, what time the Dictaean Curetes were deceiving Cronus. Now the one men call by name Cynosura and the other Helice. It is by Helice that the Achaeans on the sea divine which way to steer their ships, but in the other the Phoenicians put their trust when they cross the sea. But Helice, appearing large at earliest night, is bright and easy to mark; but the other is small, yet better for sailors; for in a smaller orbit wheel all her stars. By her guidance, then, the men of Sidon steer the straightest course.

45 Τὰς δὲ δι’ ἀμφοτέρας οἵη ποταμοῖο ἀπορρὼξ
εἰλεῖται, μέγα θαῦμα, Δράκων περί τ’ ἀμφί τ’ ἐαγὼς,
μυρίος· αἱ δ’ ἄρα οἱ σπείρης ἑκάτερθε φέρονται
Ἄρκτοι, κυανέου πεφυλαγμέναι ὠκεανοῖο.
Αὐτὰρ ὅ γ’ ἄλλης μὲν νεάτῃ ἐπιτείνεται οὐρῇ,
50 ἄλλην δὲ σπείρῃ περιτέμνεται· ἡ μέν οἱ ἄκρη
οὐρὴ πὰρ κεφαλὴν Ἑλίκης ἀποπαύεται Ἄρκτου·
σπείρῃ δ’ ἐν Κυνόσουρα κάρη ἔχει· ἡ δὲ κατ’ αὐτὴν
εἰλεῖται κεφαλὴν, καὶ οἱ ποδὸς ἔρχεται ἄχρις,
ἐκ δ’ αὖτις παλίνορσος ἀνατρέχει. Οὐ μὲν ἐκείνῳ
55 οἰόθεν, οὐδ’ οἶος κεφαλῇ ἐπιλάμπεται ἀστήρ,
ἀλλὰ δύο κροτάφοις, δύο δ’ ὄμμασιν· εἷς δ’ ὑπένερθεν
ἐσχατιὴν ἐπέχει γένυος δεινοῖο πελώρου.
Λοξὸν δ’ ἐστὶ κάρη, νεύοντι δὲ πάμπαν ἔοικεν
ἄκρην εἰς Ἑλίκης οὐρήν· μάλα δ’ ἐστὶ κατ’ ἰθὺ
60 καὶ στόμα καὶ κροτάφοιο τὰ δεξιὰ νειάτῳ οὐρῇ.
Κείνη που κεφαλὴ τῇ νίσσεται ἧχί περ ἄκραι
μίσγονται δύσιές τε καὶ ἀντολαὶ ἀλλήλῃσιν ⁶.
Τῇ δ’ αὐτοῦ μογέοντι κυλίνδεται ἀνδρὶ ἐοικὸς
εἴδωλον· τὸ μὲν οὔτις ἐπίσταται ἀμφαδὸν εἰπεῖν,
65 οὐδέ τινι κρέμαται κεῖνος πόνῳ, ἀλλά μιν αὕτως
Ἐν γόνασιν καλέουσι, τὸ δ’ αὖτ’ ἐν γούνασι κάμνον
ὀκλάζοντι ἔοικεν· ἀπ’ ἀμφοτέρων δέ οἱ ὤμων
χεῖρες ἀείρονται· τάνυταί γε μὲν ἄλλυδις ἄλλη
ὅσσον ἐπ’ ὄργυιαν· μέσσῳ δ’ ἔφ’ ὕπερθε καρήνῳ
70 δεξιτεροῦ ποδὸς ἄκρον ἔχει σκολιοῖο Δράκοντος.

     Between them, as it were the branch of a river, circles in wondrous way the Dragon [Draco], winding infinite around and about; on either side of his coil are borne along the Bears, that shun evermore the blue sea. Now towards the one he stretches the end of his tail, but with the coil he intercepts the Lesser Bear. The tip of his tail ends by the head of Helice, but in the coil Cynosura has her head. For his coiled circles past her very head and comes near her feet, but again, turning back, runs upward. Not one lone star shines on his head, but on his brows are two stars lit, and two in his eyes, and one beneath is set upon the chin-point of the dread monster. Aslant is his head, and he seems most like as if he were nodding to the tip of the tail of Helice; his mouth and right temple straight confront the end of her tail. That head wheels near where the limits of setting and rising blend. Right there in its orbit wheels a Phantom form, like to a man that strives at a task. That sign no man knows how to read clearly, nor what task he is bent, but men simply call him On His Knees. Now that Phantom, that toils on his knees, seems to sit on bended knee, and from both his shoulders his hands are upraised and stretch, one this way, one that, a fathom’s length. Over the middle of the head of the crooked Dragon, he has the tip of his right foot.

Αὐτοῦ κἀκεῖνος Στέφανος ⁷, τὸν ἀγαυὸν ἔθηκε
σῆμ’ ἔμεναι Διόνυσος ἀποιχομένης Ἀριάδνης,
νώτῳ ὑποστρέφεται κεκμηότος εἰδώλοιο.
Νώτῳ μὲν Στέφανος πελάει, κεφαλῇ γε μὲν ἄκρῃ
75 σκέπτεο πὰρ κεφαλὴν Ὀφιούχεον, ἐκ δ’ ἄρ ἐκείνης
αὐτὸν ἐπιφράσσαιο φαεινόμενον Ὀφιοῦχον·
τοῖοί οἱ κεφαλῇ ὑποκείμενοι ἀγλαοὶ ὦμοι
εἴδονται. Κεῖνοί γε καὶ ἂν διχόμηνι σελήνῃ
εἰσωποὶ τελέθοιεν· ἀτὰρ χέρες οὐ μάλα ἶσαι·
80 λεπτοτέρη γὰρ τῇ καὶ τῇ ἐπιδέδρομεν αἴγλη,
ἀλλ’ ἔμπης κἀκεῖναι ἐπόψιαι· οὐ γὰρ ἐλαφραί.
Ἀμφότεραι δ’ Ὄφιος πεπονείαται ὅς ῥά τε μέσσον
δινεύει Ὀφιοῦχον· ὁ δ’ ἐμμενὲς εὖ ἐπαρηρὼς
ποσσὶν ἐπιθλίβει μέγα θηρίον ἀμφοτέροισιν,
85 Σκορπίον, ὀφθαλμῷ τε καὶ ἐν θώρηκι βεβηκὼς
ὀρθός, ἀτάρ οἱ Ὄφις γε δύο στρέφεται μετὰ χερσίν,
δεξιτερῇ ὀλίγος, σκαιῇ γε μὲν ὑψόθι πολλός,
καὶ δή οἱ Στεφάνῳ παρακέκλιται ἄκρα γένεια.
Νειόθι δὲ σπείρης μεγάλας ἐπιμαίεο Χηλάς ⁸.
90 Ἀλλ’ αἱ μὲν φαέων ἐπιμεμφέες, οὐδὲν ἀγαυαί.

     Here too that Crown [Corona], which glorious Dionysus set to be memorial of the dead Ariadne, wheels beneath the back of the toil-spent Phantom. To the Phantom’s back the Crown is near, but by his head mark near at hand the head of Ophiuchus, and then from it you can trace the starlit Ophiuchus himself: so brightly set beneath his head appear his gleaming shoulders. They would be clear to mark even at the midmonth moon, but his hands are not at all so bright; for faint runs the gleam of stars along on this side and on that. Yet they too can be seen, for they are not feeble. Both firmly clutch the Serpent, which encircles the waist of Ophiuchus, but he, stedfast with both his feet well set, tramples a huge monster, even the Scorpion, standing upright on his eye and breast. Now the Serpent is wreathed about his two hands – a little above his right hand, but in many folds high above his left. Toward the Crown leans the Serpent’s jaw, but beneath his coiling form seek thou for the mighty Claws [Libra]; they are scant of light and nowise brilliant.

Ἐξόπιθεν δ’ Ἑλίκης φέρεται ἐλάοντι ἐοικὼς
Ἀρκτοφυλαξ, τόν ῥ’ ἄνδρες ἐπικλείουσι Βοώτην,
οὕνεχ’ ἁμαξαίης ἐπαφώμενος εἴδεται Ἄρκτου,
καὶ μάλα πᾶς ἀρίδηλος· ὑπὸ ζώνῃ δέ οἱ αὐτὸς
95 ἐξ ἄλλων Ἀρκτοῦρος ἑλίσσεται ἀμφαδὸν ἀστήρ.
Ἀμφοτέροισι δὲ ποσσὶν ὑποσκέψαιο Βοώτου
Παρθένον ⁹, ἥ ῥ’ ἐν χειρὶ φέρει στάχυν αἰγλήεντα.
Εἴτ’ οὖν Ἀστραίου κείνη γένος, ὅν ῥά τέ φασιν
ἄστρων ἀρχαῖοι πάτερ’ ἔμμεναι, εἴτε τευ ἄλλου,
100 εὔκηλος φορέοιτο. Λόγος γε μὲν ἐντρέχει ἄλλος
ἀνθρώποις, ὡς δῆθεν ἐπιχθονίη πάρος ἦεν,
ἤρχετο δ’ ἀνθρώπων κατεναντίη, οὐδέποτ’ ἀνδρῶν
οὐδέποτ’ ἀρχαίων ἠνήνατο φῦλα γυναικῶν
ἀλλ’ ἀναμὶξ ἐκάθητο καὶ ἀθανάτη περ ἐοῦσα,
105 καὶ ἑ Δίκην καλέεσκον· ἀγειρομένη δὲ γέροντας
ἠέ που εἰν ἀγορῇ ἢ εὐρυχόρῳ ἐν ἀγυιῇ,
δημοτέρας ἤειδεν ἐπισπέρχουσα θέμιστας.
Οὔπω λευγαλέου τότε νείκεος ἠπίσταντο,
οὐδὲ διακρίσιος περιμεμφέος, οὐδὲ κυδοιμοῦ·
110 αὕτως δ’ ἔζωον. Χαλεπὴ δ’ ἀπέκειτο θάλασσα,
καὶ βίον οὔπω νῆες ἀπόπροθεν ἠγίνεσκον,
ἀλλὰ βόες καὶ ἄροτρα καὶ αὐτὴ πότνια λαῶν
μυρία πάντα παρεῖχε Δίκη δώτειρα δικαίων.

     Behind Helice, like to one that drives, is borne along Arctophylax whom men also call Boötes, since he seems to lay hand on the wain-like Bear. Very bright is he all; but beneath his belt wheels a star, bright beyond the others, Arcturus himself. Beneath both feet of Boötes mark the Maiden [Virgo], who in her hands bears the gleaming Ear of Corn [Spica]. Whether she be daughter of Astraeus, who, men say, was of old the father of the stars, or child of other sire, untroubled be her course! But another tale is current among men, how of old she dwelt on earth and met men face to face, nor ever disdained in olden time the tribes of men and women, but mingling with them took her seat, immortal though she was. Her men called Justice; but she assembling the elders, it might be in the market-place or in the wide-wayed streets, uttered her voice, ever urging on them judgements kinder to the people. Not yet in that age had men knowledge of hateful strife, or carping contention, or din of battle, but a simple life they lived. Far from them was the cruel sea and not yet from afar did ships bring their livelihood, but the oxen and the plough and Justice herself, queen of the peoples, giver of things just, abundantly supplied their every need.

Τόφρ’ ἦν ὄφρ’ ἔτι γαῖα γένος χρύσειον ἔφερβεν,
115 ἀργυρέῳ δ’ ὀλίγη τε καὶ οὐκέτι πάμπαν ἑτοίμη
ὡμίλει, ποθέουσα παλαιῶν ἤθεα λαῶν.
Ἀλλ’ ἔμπης ἔτι κεῖνο κατ’ ἀργύρεον γένος ἦεν·
ἤρχετο δ’ ἐξ ὀρέων ὑποδείελος ἠχηέντων
μουνάξ, οὐ δὴ τῷ ἐπεμίσγετο μειλίχιοισιν·
120 ἀλλ’ ὁπότ’ ἀνθρώπων μεγάλας πλήσαιτο κολώνας,
ἠπείλει δὴ ἔπειτα καθαπτομένη κακότητος,
οὐδ’ ἔτ’ ἔφη εἰσωπὸς ἐλεύσεσθαι καλέουσιν.
Οἵην χρύσειοι πατέρες γενεὴν ἐλίποντο,
χειροτέρην. Ὑμεῖς δὲ κακώτερα τέκνα τεκεῖσθε.
125 Kαὶ δή που πόλεμοι, καὶ δὴ καὶ ἀνάρσιον αἷμα
ἔσσεται ἀνθρώποισι, κακὸν δ’ ἐπικείσεται ἄλγος.
Ὡς εἰποῦσ’ ὀρέων ἐπεμαίετο, τοὺς δ’ ἄρα λαοὺς
εἰς αὐτὴν ἔτι πάντας ἐλίμπανε παπταίνοντας.
Ἀλλ’ ὅτε δὴ κἀκεῖνοι ἐτέθνασαν, οἱ δ’ ἐγένοντο,
130 χαλκείη γενεή, προτέρων ὀλοώτεροι ἄνδρες,
οἳ πρῶτοι κακοεργὸν ἐχαλκεύσαντο μάχαιραν
εἰνοδίην, πρῶτοι δὲ βοῶν ἐπάσαντ’ ἀροτήρων,
καὶ τότε μισήσασα Δίκη κείνων γένος ἀνδρῶν
ἔπταθ’ ὑπουρανίη, ταύτην δ’ ἄρα νάσσατο χώρην,
135 ἧχί περ ἐννυχίη ἔτι φαίνεται ἀνθρώποισι
Παρθένος ἐγγὺς ἐοῦσα πολυσκέπτοιο Βοώτου.

     Even so long as the earth still nurtured the Golden Race, she had her dwelling on earth. But with the Silver Race only a little and no longer with utter readiness did she mingle, for that she yearned for the ways of the men of old. Yet in that Silver Age was she still upon the earth; but from the echoing hills at eventide she came alone, nor spake to any man in gentle words. But when she had filled the great heights with gathering crowds, then would she with threats rebuke their evil ways, and declare that never more at their prayer would she reveal her face to man. “Behold what manner of race the fathers of the Golden Age left behind them! Far meaner than themselves! But ye will breed a viler progeny! Verily wars and cruel bloodshed shall be unto men and grievous woe shall be laid upon them”. Even so she spake and sought the hills and left the people all gazing towards her still. But when they, too, were dead, and when, more ruinous than they which went before, the Race of Bronze was born, who were the first to forge the sword of the highwayman, and the first to eat of the flesh of the ploughing-ox, then verily did Justice loathe that race of men and fly heavenward and took up that abode, where even now in the night time the Maiden is seen of men, established near to far-seen Boötes.

Τῆς ὑπὲρ ἀμφοτέρων ὤμων εἱλίσσεται ἀστὴρ
[δεξιτερῇ πτέρυγι ¹⁰ · Προτρυγητὴρ δ’ αὖτε καλεῖται]
τόσσος μὲν μεγέθει, τοίῃ δ’ ἐγκείμενος αἴγλῃ
140 οἷος καὶ μεγάλης οὐρὴν ὑποφαίνεται Ἄρκτου·
δεινὴ γὰρ κείνη, δεινοὶ δέ οἱ ἐγγύθεν εἰσὶν
ἀστέρες· οὐκ ἂν τούς γε ἰδὼν ἐπιτεκμήραιο,
οἷός οἱ πρὸ ποδῶν φέρεται καλός τε μέγας τε,
εἷς μὲν ὑπωμαίων, εἷς δ’ ἰξυόθεν κατιόντων,
145 ἄλλος δ’ οὐραίοις ὑπὸ γούνασιν. Ἀλλ’ ἄρα πάντες
ἁπλόοι ἄλλοθεν ἄλλος ἀνωνυμίῃ φορέονται.
Κρατὶ δέ οἱ Δίδυμοι ¹¹, μέσσῃ δ’ ὑπὸ Καρκίνος ἐστίν·
ποσσὶ δ’ ὑπ’ ἀμφοτέροισι Λέων ὑπὸ καλὰ φαείνει.
Ἔνθα μὲν ἠελίοιο θερείταταί εἰσι κέλευθοι·
150 αἱ δέ που ἀσταχύων κενεαὶ φαίνονται ἄρουραι
ἠελίου τὰ πρῶτα συνερχομένοιο Λέοντι.
Τῆμος καὶ κελάδοντες ἐτήσιαι εὐρέι πόντῳ
ἀθρόοι ἐμπίπτουσιν, ὁ δὲ πλόος οὐκέτι κώπαις
ὥριος. Εὐρεῖαί μοι ἀρέσκοιεν τότε νῆες,
155 εἰς ἄνεμον δὲ τὰ πηδὰ κυβερνητῆρες ἔχοιεν.

     Above both her shoulders at her right wing wheels a star, whereof the name is the Vintager [Vindemiator] – of such size and with such brightness set, as the star that shines beneath the tail of the Great Bear. For dread is the Bear and dread stars are near her. Seeing them thou needest not further conjecture what stars beyond them model all her form. Such stars are borne along, beautiful and great, one in front of her forefeet, and one beneath her hind knees. But all singly one here, one there, are wheeled along without a name. Beneath the head of Helice are the Twins; beneath her waist is the Crab; beneath her hind feet the Lion [Leo] brightly shines. There is the Sun’s hottest summer path. Then the fields are seen bereft of corn-ears, when first the Sun comes together with the Lion. Then the roaring Etesian winds fall swooping on the vasty deep, and voyaging is no longer seasonable for oars. Then let broad-beamed ships be my choice, and let steersmen hold the helm into the wind.

Εἰ δέ τοι Ἡνίοχόν ¹² τε καὶ ἀστέρας Ἡνιόχοιο
σκέπτεσθαι δοκέοι, καὶ τοι φάτις ἤλυθεν Αἰγὸς
αὐτῆς ἠδ’ Ἐρίφων, οἵ τ’ εἰν ἁλὶ πορφυρούσῃ
πολλάκις ἐσκέψαντο κεδαιομένους ἀνθρώπους,
160 αὐτὸν μέν μιν ἅπαντα μέγαν Διδύμων ἐπὶ λαιᾷ
κεκλιμένον δήεις, Ἑλίκης δέ οἱ ἄκρα κάρηνα
ἀντία δινεύει, σκαιῷ δ’ ἐπελήλαται ὤμῳ
Αἲξ ἱερή, τὴν μέν τε λόγος Διὶ μαζὸν ἐπισχεῖν·
Ὠλενίην δέ μιν Αἶγα Διὸς καλέουσ’ ὑποφῆται.
165 Ἀλλ’ ἡ μὲν πολλή τε καὶ ἀγλαή· οἱ δέ οἱ αὐτοῦ
λεπτὰ φαείνονται Ἔριφοι καρπὸν κάτα χειρός.
Πὰρ ποσὶ δ’ Ἡνιόχου κεραὸν πεπτηότα Ταῦρον
μαίεσθαι· τὰ δέ οἱ μάλ’ ἐοικότα σήματα κεῖται·
τοίη ἡ κεφαλὴ διακέκριται· οὐδέ τις ἄλλῳ
170 σήματι τεκμήραιτο κάρη βοός, οἷά μιν αὐτοὶ
ἀστέρες ἀμφοτέρωθεν ἑλισσόμενοι τυπόωσιν ¹³.
Καὶ λίην κείνων ὄνομ’ εἴρεται, οὐδέ τοι αὕτως
νήκουστοι Ὑάδες· ταὶ μέν ῥ’ ἐπὶ παντὶ μετώπῳ
Ταύρου βεβλέαται, λαιοῦ δὲ κεράατος ἄκρον
175 καὶ πόδα δεξιτερὸν παρακειμένου Ἡνιόχοιο
εἷς ἀστὴρ ἐπέχει, συνεληλάμενοι δὲ φέρονται·
ἀλλ’ αἰεὶ Ταῦρος προφερέστερος Ἡνιόχοιο
εἰς ἑτέρην καταβῆναι, ὁμηλυσίῃ περ ἀνελθὼν.

     But if it be thy wish to mark Charioteer [Auriga] and his stars, and if the fame has come to thee of the Goat [Capella] herself and the Kids, who often on the darkening deep have seen men storm-tossed, thou wilt find him in all his might, leaning forward at the left hand of the Twins.Over against him wheels the top of Helice’s head, but on his left shoulder is set the holy Goat, that, as legend tells, gave the breast to Zeus. Her the interpreters of Zeus call the Olenian Goat. Large is she and bright, but there at the wrist of the Charioteer faintly gleam the Kids. At the feet of Charioteer seek for the crouching horned Bull [Taurus]. Very lifelike are his signs; so clear defined his head: not by other sign would one mark the head of an ox, since in such wise those very stars, wheeling on either side, fashion it. Oft-spoken is their name and not all unheard-of are the Hyades. Broadcast are they on the forehead of the Bull. One star occupies the tip of his left horn and the right foot of the Charioteer, who is close by. Together they are carried in their course, but ever earlier is the Bull than the Charioteer to set beneath the West, albeit they fare together at their rising.

Οὐδ’ ἄρα Κηφῆος μογερὸν γένος Ἰασίδαο
180 αὕτως ἄρρητον κατακείσεται· ἀλλ’ ἄρα καὶ τῶν
οὐρανὸν εἰς ὄνομ’ ἦλθεν, ἐπεὶ Διὸς ἐγγύθεν ἦσαν.
Αὐτὸς μὲν κατόπισθεν ἐὼν Κυνοσουρίδος Ἄρκτου
Κηφεὺς ἀμφοτέρας χεῖρας τανύοντι ἔοικεν.
Ἴση οἱ στάθμη νεάτης ἀποτείνεται οὐρῆς ¹⁴
185 ἐς πόδας ἀμφοτέρους, ὅσση ποδὸς ἐς πόδα τείνει·
αὐτὰρ ἀπὸ ζώνης ὀλίγον κε μεταβλέψειας
πρώτης ἱέμενος καμπῆς μεγάλοιο Δράκοντος.
Τοῦ δ’ ἄρα δαιμονίη προκυλίνδεται οὐ μάλα πολλὴ
νυκτὶ φαεινομένη παμμήνιδι Κασσιέπεια·
190 οὐ γάρ μιν πολλοὶ καὶ ἐπημοιβοὶ γανόωσιν
ἀστέρες οἵ μιν πᾶσαν ἐπιρρήδην στιχόωσιν.
Οἵῃ δὲ κληῖδι θύρην ἔντοσθ’ ἀραρυῖαν ¹⁵
δικλίδ’ ἐπιπλήσσοντες ἀνακρούουσιν ὀχῆας,
τοῖοι οἱ μουνὰξ ὑποκείμενοι ἰνδάλλονται
195 ἀστέρες, ἡ δ’ αὕτως ὀλίγων ἀποτείνεται ὤμων
ὄργυιαν. Φαίης κεν ἀνιάζειν ἐπὶ παιδί.
Αὐτοῦ γὰρ κἀκεῖνο κυλίνδεται αἰνὸν ἄγαλμα
Ἀνδρομέδης ὑπὸ μητρὶ κεκασμένον. Οὔ σε μάλ’ οἴω
νύκτα περισκέψεσθαι, ἵν’ αὐτίκα μᾶλλον ἴδηαι·
200 τοίη οἱ κεφαλή, τοῖοι δέ οἱ ἀμφοτέρωθεν
ὦμοι καὶ πόδες ἀκρότατοι καὶ ζώματα πάντα.
Ἀλλ’ ἔμπης κἀκεῖθι διωλενίη τετάνυσται,
δεσμὰ δέ οἱ κεῖται καὶ ἐν οὐρανῷ· αἱ δ’ ἀνέχονται
αὐτοῦ πεπταμέναι πάντ’ ἤματα χεῖρες ἐκείνῃ.

     Nor all unnamed shall rest he hapless family of Iasid Cepheus. For their name, too has come unto heaven, for that they were near akin to Zeus. Cepheus himself is set behind the Bear Cynosura, like to one that stretches out both his hands. From her tail-tip to both his feet stretches a measure equal to that from foot to foot. But a little aside from his belt look to find the first coil of the mighty Dragon. Eastward his hapless wife, Cassiepeia, gleaming when by night the moon is full, wheels with her scanty stars. For few and alternate stars adorn her, which expressly mark her form with lines of light. Like the key of a twofold door barred within, wherewith men striking shoot back the bolts, so singly set shine her stars. But from her shoulders so faint she stretches a fathom’s length. Thou would’st say she was sorrowing over her daughter. For there, too, wheels that woeful form of Andromeda, enstarred beneath her mother. Thou hast not to wait for a night, I ween, whereon to see her more distinct! So bright is her head and so clearly marked are both the shoulders, the tips of her feet and all her belt. Yet even there she is racked, with arms stretched far apart, and even in Heaven bonds are her portion. Uplifted and outspread there for all time are those hands of hers.

205 Ἀλλ’ ἄρα οἱ καὶ κρατὶ πέλωρ ἐπελήλαται Ἵππος ¹⁶
γαστέρι νειαίρῃ· ξυνὸς δ’ ἐπιλάμπεται ἀστὴρ
τοῦ μὲν ἐπ’ ὀμφαλίῳ, τῆς δ’ ἐσχατόωντι καρήνω.
Οἱ δ’ ἄρ ἔτι τρεῖς ἄλλοι ἐπὶ πλευράς τε καὶ ὤμους ¹⁷
Ἵππου δεικανόωσι διασταδὸν ἶσα πέλεθρα,
210 καλοὶ καὶ μεγάλοι· κεφαλὴ δέ οἱ οὐδὲν ὁμοίη,
οὐδ’ αὐχὴν δολιχός περ ἐών· ἀτὰρ ἔσχατος ἀστὴρ
αἰθομένης γένυος καί κεν προτέροις ἐρίσειεν
τέτρασιν οἵ μιν ἔχουσι περίσκεπτοι μάλ’ ἐόντες.
Οὐδ’ ὅ γε τετράπος ἐστίν· ἀπ’ ὀμφαλίοιο γὰρ ἄκρου
215 μεσσόθεν ἡμιτελὴς περιτέλλεται ἱερὸς Ἵππος.
Κεῖνον δὴ καί φασι καθ’ ὑψηλοῦ Ἑλικῶνος
καλὸν ὕδωρ ἀγαγεῖν εὐαλδέος Ἵππου κρήνης.
Οὐ γάρ πω Ἑλικὼν ἄκρος κατελείβετο πηγαῖς·
ἀλλ’ Ἵππος μιν ἔτυψε· τὸ δ’ ἀθρόον αὐτόθεν ὕδωρ
220 ἐξέχυτο πληγῇ προτέρου ποδός· οἱ δὲ νομῆες
πρῶτοι κεῖνο ποτὸν διεφήμισαν Ἵππου κρήνην.
Ἀλλὰ τὸ μὲν πέτρης ἀπολείβεται, οὐδέ ποτ’ αὐτὸ
Θεσπιέων ἀνδρῶν ἑκὰς ὄψεαι· αὐτὰρ ὁ Ἵππος
ἐν Διὸς εἰλεῖται, καί τοι πάρα θηήσασθαι.

     Beneath her head is spread the huge Horse [Pegasus], touching her with his lower belly. One common star gleams on the Horse’s navel and the crown of her head. Three other separate stars, large and bright, at equal distance set on flank and shoulders, trace a square upon the Horse. His head is not so brightly marked, nor his neck, though it be long. But the farthest star on his blazing nostril could fitly rival the former four, that invest him with such splendour. Nor is he four-footed. Parted at the navel, with only half a body, wheels in heaven the sacred Horse. He it was, men say, that brought down from lofty Helicon the bright water of bounteous Hippocrene. For not yet on Helicon’s summit trickled the fountain’s springs, but the Horse smote it and straightway the gushing water was shed abroad at the stamp of his forefoot, and herdsmen were the first to call that stream the fountain of the Horse. From the rock the water wells and never shalt thou see it far from the men of Thespiae; but the Horse himself circles in the heaven of Zeus and is there for thee to behold.

225 Αὐτοῦ καὶ Κριοῖο θοώταταί εἰσι κέλευθοι,
ὅς ῥά τε καὶ μήκιστα διωκόμενος περὶ κύκλα
οὐδὲν ἀφαυρότερον τροχάει Κυνοσουρίδος Ἄρκτου.
Αὐτὸς μὲν νωθὴς καὶ ἀνάστερος οἷα σελήνῃ
σκέψασθαι, ζώνῃ δ’ ἂν ὅμως ἐπιτεκμήραιο
230 Ἀνδρομέδης· ὀλίγον γὰρ ὑπ’ αὐτὴν ἐστήρικται,
μεσσόθι δὲ τρίβει μέγαν οὐρανόν, ἧχί περ ἄκραι ¹⁸
Χηλαὶ καὶ ζώνη περιτέλλεται Ὠρίωνος.
Ἔστι δέ τοι καὶ ἔτ’ ἄλλο τετυγμένον ἐγγύθι σῆμα ¹⁹
νειόθεν Ἀνδρομέδης, τὸ δ’ ἐπὶ τρισὶν ἐστάθμηται
235 Δελτωτὸν πλευρῇσιν, ἰσαιομένῃσιν ἐοικὸς
ἀμφοτέρῃς, ἡ δ’ οὔτι τόση, μάλα δ’ ἐστὶν ἑτοίμη
εὑρέσθαι· περὶ γὰρ πολέων εὐάστερός ἐστιν.
Τῶν ὀλίγον Κριοῦ νοτιώτεροι ἀστέρες εἰσίν.
Οἱ δ’ ἄρ’ ἔτι προτέρω, ἔτι δ’ ἐν προμολῇσι νότοιο
240 Ἰχθύες, ἀλλ’ αἰεὶ ἕτερος προφερέστερος ἄλλου,
καὶ μᾶλλον βορέαο νέον κατιόντος ἀκούει.
Ἀμφοτέρων δέ σφεων ἀποτείνεται ἠύτε δεσμὰ ²⁰
οὐραίων, ἑκάτερθεν ἐπισχερὼ εἰς ἓν ἰόντα.
Καὶ τὰ μὲν εἷς ἀστὴρ ἐπέχει καλός τε μέγας τε,
245 ὅν ῥά τε καὶ Σύνδεσμον Ὑπουράνιον καλέουσιν.

     There too are the most swift courses of the Ram [Aries], who, pursued through the longest circuit, runs not a whit slower than the Bear Cynosura – himself weak and starless as on a moonlit night, but thou canst trace him out yet by the belt of Andromeda. For a little below her is he set. Midway he treads the mighty heavens, where wheel the tips of the Scorpion’s Claws and the Belt of Orion. There is also another sign, fashioned near, below Andromeda, Deltoton [Triangulum], drawn with three sides, whereof two appear equal but the third is less, yet very easy to find, for beyond many is it endowed with stars. Southward a little from Deltoton are the stars of the Ram. Still farther in front of the Ram and still in the vestibule of the South are the Fishes [Pisces]. Ever one is higher than the other, and louder hears the fresh rush of the North wind. From both there stretch, as it were, chains, whereby their tails on either side are joined. The meeting chains are knit by a single beautiful and great star, which is called the Knot of Tails.

Ἀνδρομέδης δέ τοι ὦμος ἀριστερὸς Ἰχθύος ἔστω
σῆμα βορειοτέρου· μάλα γὰρ νύ οἱ ἐγγύθεν ἐστίν,
ἀμφότεροι δὲ πόδες γαμβροῦ ἐπισημαίνοιεν
Περσέος, οἵ ῥά οἱ αἰὲν ἐπωμάδιοι φορέονται.
250 Αὐτὰρ ὅ γ’ ἐν βορέω φέρεται περιμήκετος ἄλλων ²¹.
Καί οἱ δεξιτερὴ μὲν ἐπὶ κλισμὸν τετάνυσται
πενθερίου δίφροιο· τὰ δ’ ἐν ποσὶν οἷα διώκων
ἴχνια μηκύνει κεκονιμένος ἐν Διὶ πατρί.
Ἄγχι δέ οἱ σκαιῆς ἐπιγουνίδος ἤλιθα πᾶσαι ²²
255 Πληιάδες φορέονται, ὁ δ’ οὐ μάλα πολλὸς ἁπάσας
χῶρος ἔχει, καὶ δ’ αὐταὶ ἐπισκέψασθαι ἀφαυραί.
Ἑπτάποροι δὴ ταί γε μετ’ ἀνθρώπους ὑδέονται,
ἓξ οἶαί περ ἐοῦσαι ἐπόψιαι ὀφθαλμοῖσιν.
Οὐ μέν πως ἀπόλωλεν ἀπευθὴς ἐκ Διὸς ἀστὴρ
260 ἐξ οὗ καὶ γενεῆθεν ἀκούομεν, ἀλλὰ μάλ’ αὕτως
εἴρεται· ἑπτὰ δ’ ἐκεῖναι ἐπιρρήδην καλέονται,
Ἀλκυόνη, Μερόπη τε Κελαινώ τ’ Ἠλἐκτρη τε
καὶ Στερόπη καὶ Τηϋγέτη καὶ πότνια Μαῖα.
Αἱ μὲν ὁμῶς ὀλίγαι καὶ ἀφεγγέες, ἀλλ’ ὀνομασταὶ
265 ἦρι καὶ ἑσπερίαι, Ζεὺς δ’ αἴτιος, εἱλίσσονται,
ὅς σφισι καὶ θέρεος καὶ χείματος ἀρχομένοιο
σημαίνειν ἐπένευσεν ἐπερχομένου τ’ ἀρότοιο.

     Let the left shoulder of Andromeda be thy guide to the northern Fish, for it is very near. Her two feet will guide thee to her bridegroom, Perseus, over whose shoulder they are for ever carried. But he moves in the North a taller form than the others. His right hand is stretched toward the throne of the mother of his bride, and, as if pursuing that which lies before his feet, he greatly strides, dust-stained, in the heaven of Zeus. Near his left thigh move the Pleiades, all in a cluster, but small is the space that holds them and singly they dimly shine. Seven are they in the songs of men, albeit only six are visible to the eyes. Yet not a star, I ween, has perished from the sky unmarked since the earliest memory of man, but even so the tale is told. Those seven are called by name Halcyone, Merope, Celaeno, Electra, Sterope, Taygete, and queenly Maia. Small and dim are they all alike, but widely famed they wheel in heaven at morn and eventide, by the will of Zeus, who bade them tell of the beginning of Summer and Winter and of the coming of the ploughing-time.

Καὶ χέλυς ἥδ’ ὀλίγη, τὴν δ’ ἆρ’ ἔτι καὶ παρὰ λίκνῳ
Ἑρμείης ἐτόρησε, Λύρην δέ μιν εἶπε λέγεσθαι,
270 κὰδ δ’ ἔθετο προπάροιθεν ἀπευθέος εἰδώλοιο
οὐρανὸν εἰσαγαγών, τὸ δ’ ἐπὶ σκελέεσσι πέτηλον
γούνατί οἱ σκαιῷ πελάει· κεφαλή γε μὲν ἄκρη
ἀντιπέρην Ὄρνιθος ἑλίσσεται· ἡ δὲ μεσηγὺ
ὀρνιθέης κεφαλῆς καὶ γούνατος ἐστήρικται.
275 Ἤτοι γὰρ καὶ Ζηνὶ παρατρέχει αἰόλος Ὄρνις,
ἄλλα μὲν ἠερόεις, τὰ δέ οἱ ἐπὶ τετρήχυνται
ἄστρασιν οὔτι λίην μεγάλοις, ἀτὰρ οὐ μὲν ἀφαυροῖς.
Αὐτὰρ ὅ γ’ εὐδιόωντι ποτὴν ὄρνιθι ἐοικὼς
οὔριος εἰς ἑτέρην φέρεται, κατὰ δεξιὰ χειρὸς
280 Κηφείης ταρσοῖο τὰ δεξιὰ πείρατα τείνων.
λαιῇ δὲ πτέρυγι σκαρθμὸς παρακέκλιται Ἵππου.
Τὸν δὲ μετὰ σκαίροντα δύ’ Ἰχθύες ἀμφινέμονται
Ἵππον· πὰρ δ’ ἄρα οἱ κεφαλῆι χεὶρ Ὑδροχόοιο
δεξιτερὴ τάνυται, ὁ δ’ ὀπίστερος Αἰγοκερῆος
285 τέλλεται ²³· αὐτὰρ ὅ γε πρότερος καὶ νειόθι μᾶλλον
κέκλιται Αἰγόκερως, ἵνα τε τρέπετ’ ἠελίου ἴς.
Μὴ κείνωι ἐνὶ μηνὶ περικλύζοιο θαλάσσῃ,
πεπταμένῳ πελάγει κεχρημένος. Οὔτε κεν ἠοῖ
πολλὴν πειρήνειας, ἐπεὶ ταχινώταταί εἰσιν,
290 οὔτ’ ἄν τοι νυκτὸς πεφοβημένωι ἐγγύθεν ἠὼς
ἔλθοι καὶ μάλα πολλὰ βοωμένῳ, οἱ δ’ ἀλεγεινοὶ
τῆμος ἐπιρρήσσουσι νότοι, ὁπότ’ Αἰγοκερῆϊ
συμφέρετ’ ἠέλιος. Τότε δὲ κρύος ἐκ Διός ἐστι
ναύτῃ μαλκιόωντι κακώτερον. Ἀλλὰ καὶ ἔμπης

     Yonder, too, is the tiny Tortoise, which, while still beside his cradle, Hermes pierced for stings and bade it be called the Lyre [Lyra], and he brought it into heaven and set it in front of the unknown Phantom. That Croucher on his Knees comes near the Lyre with his left knee, but the top of the Bird’s head wheels on the other side, and between the Bird’s head and the Phantom’s knee is enstarred the Lyre. For verily in heaven there is outspread a glittering Bird [Cygnus]. Wreathed in mist is the Bird, but yet the parts above him are rough with stars, not very large, yet not obscure. Like a bird in joyous flight, with fair weather it glides to the west, with the tip of its right wing outstretched towards the right hand of Cepheus, and by its left wing is hung in the heavens the prancing Horse. Round the prancing Horse range the two Fishes. By the Horse’s head is stretched the right hand of Hydrochoüs [Aquarius]. He is behind Aegoceros [Capricorn], who is set in front and further down, where the mighty Sun turns. In that month use not the open sea lest thou be engulfed in the waves. Neither in the dawn canst thou accomplish a far journey, for fast to evening sped the dawns; nor at night amid they fears will the dawn draw earlier near, though loud and instant be thy cry. Grievous then is the crashing swoop of the South winds when the Sun joins Aegoceros, and then is the frost from heaven hard on the benumbed sailor.

295 ἤδη πάντ’ ἐνιαυτὸν ὑπὸ στείρῃσι θάλασσα
πορφύρει· ἴκελοι δὲ κολυμβίσιν αἰθυίῃσιν
πολλάκις ἐκ νηῶν πέλαγος περιπαπταίνοντες
ἥμεθ’ ἐπ’ αἰγιαλοὺς τετραμμένοι· οἱ δ’ ἔτι πόρσω
κλύζονται· ὀλίγον δὲ διὰ ξύλον ἄϊδ’ ἐρύκει.
300 Καὶ δ’ ἂν ἔτι προτέρω γε θαλάσσῃ πολλὰ πεπονθὼς ²⁴,
Τόξον ὅτ’ ἠέλιος καίῃ καὶ ῥύτορα Τόξου,
ἑσπέριος κατάγοιο, πεποιθὼς οὐκέτι νυκτί.
Σῆμα δέ τοι κείνης ὥρης καὶ μηνὸς ἐκείνου ²⁵
Σκορπίος ἀντέλλων εἴη πυμάτης ἔτι νυκτός.
305 Ἤτοι γὰρ μέγα τόξον ἀνέλκεται ἐγγύθι κέντρου
Τοξευτής· ὀλίγον δὲ παροίτερος ἵσταται αὐτοῦ
Σκορπίος ἀντέλλων, ὁ δ’ ἀνέρχεται αὐτίκα μᾶλλον.
Τῆμος καὶ κεφαλὴ Κυνοσουρίδος ἀκρόθι νυκτὸς
ὕψι μάλα τροχάει· ὁ δὲ δύεται ἠῶθι πρὸ
310 ἀθρόος Ὠρίων, Κηφεὺς δ’ ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἐπ’ ἰξύν ²⁶.
Ἔστι δέ τοι προτέρω βεβλημένος ἄλλος Ὀιστὸς
αὐτὸς ἄτερ τόξου· ὁ δέ οἱ παραπέπταται Ὄρνις
ἀσσότερος βορέω, σχεδόθεν δέ οἱ ἄλλος ἄηται ²⁷
οὐ τόσσος μεγέθει, χαλεπός γε μὲν ἐξ ἁλὸς ἐλθὼν
315 νυκτὸς ἀπερχομένης· καί μιν καλέουσιν Ἀητόν.

     Not but that throughout the year’s length the sea ever grows dark beneath the keels, and, like to diving seagulls, we often sit, spying out the deep from our ship with faces turned to the shore; but ever farther back the shores are swept by the waves and only a thin plank staves off Death. But even in the previous month, storm-tossed sea, when the Sun scorches the Bow and the Wielder of the Bow [Saggitarius], trust no longer in the night but put to shore in the evening. Of that season and that month let the rising of Scorpion at the close of night be a sign to thee. For verily his great Bow does the Bowman draw close by the Scorpion’s sting, and a little in front stands the Scorpion [Scorpio] at his rising, but the Archer rises right after him. Then, too, at the close of night Cynosura’s head runs very high, but Orion just before the dawn wholly sets and Cepheus from hand to waist. Further up there is another Arrow [Sagitta] shot – alone without a bow. By it is the Bird [Cygnus] outspread nearer the North, but hard at hand another bird tosses in storm, of smaller size but cruel in its rising from the sea when the night is waning, and men call it the Eagle [Aquila].

Δελφὶς δ’ οὐ μάλα πολλὸς ἐπιτρέχει Αἰγοκερῆϊ ²⁸
μεσσόθεν ἠερόεις· τὰ δέ οἱ περὶ τέσσαρα κεῖται
γλήνεα, παρβολάδην δύο πὰρ δύο πεπτηῶτα.
Καὶ τὰ μὲν οὖν βορέω καὶ ἀλήσιος ἠελίοιο
320 μεσσηγὺς κέχυται· τὰ δὲ νειόθι τέλλεται ἄλλα
πολλὰ μεταξὺ νότοιο καὶ ἠελίοιο κελεύθου.
Λοξὸς μὲν Ταύροιο τομῇ ὑποκέκλιται αὐτὸς
Ὠρίων. Μὴ κεῖνον ὅτις καθαρῇ ἐνὶ νυκτὶ
ὑψοῦ πεπτηῶτα παρέρχεται, ἄλλα πεποίθοι
325 οὐρανὸν εἰσανιδὼν προφερέστερα θηήσασθαι.
τοῖός οἱ καὶ φρουρὸς ἀειρομένωι ὑπὸ νώτῳ ²⁹
φαίνεται ἀμφοτέροισι Κύων ἐπὶ ποσσὶ βεβηκώς,
ποικίλος, ἀλλ’ οὐ πάντα πεφασμένος· ἀλλὰ κατ’ αὐτὴν
γαστέρα κυάνεος περιτέλλεται, ἡ δέ οἱ ἄκρη
330 ἀστέρι βέβληται δεινῷ γένυς, ὅς ῥα μάλιστα
ὀξέα σειριάει· καί μιν καλέουσ’ ἄνθρωποι
Σείριον. Οὐκέτι κεῖνον ἅμ’ ἠελίῳ ἀνίοντα
φυταλιαὶ ψεύδονται ἀναλδέα φυλλιόωσαι·
ῥεῖα γὰρ οὖν ἔκρινε διὰ στίχας ὀξὺς ἀΐξας,
335 καὶ τὰ μὲν ἔρρωσεν, τῶν δὲ φλόον ὤλεσε πάντα.
Κείνου καὶ κατιόντος ἀκούομεν, οἱ δὲ δὴ ἄλλοι
σῆμ’ ἔμεναι μελέεσσιν ἐλαφρότεροι περίκεινται.

     Over Aegoceros floats the Dolphin [Delphinus] with few bright stars and body wreathed in mist, but four brilliants adorn him, set side by side in pairs. Now these constellations lie between the North and the Sun’s wandering path [Ecliptic], but others many in number rise beneath between the South and the Sun’s course. Aslant beneath the fore-body of the Bull is set the great Orion. Let none who pass him spread out on high on a cloudless night imagine that, gazing on the heavens, one shall see other stars more fair. Such a guardian, too, beneath his towering back is seen to stand on his hind legs, the Dog [Canis Major] starenwrought, yet not clearly marked in all his form, but right by his belly he shows dark. The tip of his terrible jaw is marked by a star that keenest of all blazes with a searing flame and him men call Seirius. When he rises with the Sun, no longer do the trees deceive him by the feeble freshness of their leaves. For easily with his keen glance he pierces their ranks, and to some he gives strength but of other s he blights the bark utterly. Of him too at this setting are we aware, but the other stars of the Dog are set round with fainter light to mark his legs.

Ποσσὶν δ’ Ὠρίωνος ὑπ’ ἀμφοτέροισι Λαγωὸς
ἐμμενὲς ἤματα πάντα διώκεται· αὐτὰρ ὅ γ’ αἰεὶ
340 Σείριος ἐξόπιθεν φέρεται μετιόντι ἐοικὼς,
καὶ οἱ ἐπαντέλλει, καί μιν κατιόντα δοκεύει.
Ἡ δὲ Κυνὸς μεγάλοιο κατ’ οὐρὴν ἕλκεται Ἀργὼ
πρυμνόθεν· οὐ γὰρ τῇ γε κατὰ χρέος εἰσὶ κέλευθοι,
ἀλλ’ ὄπιθεν φέρεται τετραμμένη, οἷα καὶ αὐταὶ
345 νῆες, ὅτ’ ἤδη ναῦται ἐπιστρέψωσι κορώνην
ὅρμον ἐσερχόμενοι, τὴν δ’ αὐτίκα πᾶς ἀνακόπτει
νῆα, παλιρροθίη δὲ καθάπτεται ἠπείροιο·
ὣς ἥ γε πρύμνηθεν Ἰησονὶς ἕλκεται Ἀργὼ.
Καὶ τὰ μὲν ἠερίη καὶ ἀνάστερος ἄχρι παρ’ αὐτὸν
350 ἱστὸν ἀπὸ πρῴρης φέρεται, τὰ δὲ πᾶσα φαεινή,
καί οἱ πηδάλιον κεχαλασμένον ἐστήρικται
ποσσὶν ὑπ’ οὐραίοισι Κυνὸς προπάροιθεν ἰόντος.
Τὴν δὲ καὶ οὐκ ὀλίγον περ ἀπόπροθι πεπτηυῖαν
Ἀνδρομέδην μέγα Κῆτος ἐπερχόμενον κατεπείγει.
355 Ἡ μὲν γὰρ Θρῄκος ὑπὸ πνοιῇ βορέαο
κεκλιμένη φέρεται, τὸ δέ οἱ νότος ἐχθρὸν ἀγινεῖ
Κῆτος ὑπὸ Κριῷ τε καὶ Ἰχθύσιν ἀμφοτέροισι
βαιὸν ὑπὲρ Ποταμοῦ βεβλημένον ἀστερόεντος.

     Beneath both feet of Orion is the Hare [Lepus] pursued continually through all time, while Seirius behind for ever borne as in pursuit. Close behind he rises and as he sets he eyes the setting Hare. Beside the tail of the Great Dog the ship Argo is hauled stern-foremost. For not hers is the proper course of a ship in motion, but she is borne backwards, reversed even as real ships, when already the sailors turn the stern to the land as they enter the haven, and every one back-paddles the ship, but she rushing sternward lays hold of the shore. Even so is the Argo of Jason borne along stern-foremost. Partly in mist is she borne along, and starless from her prow even to the mast, but the hull is wholly wreathed in light. Loosed is her Rudder and is set beneath the hind feet of the Dog, as he runs in front. Andromeda, though she cowers a good way off, is pressed by the rush of the mighty Monster of the Sea [Cetus]. For her path lies under the blast of Thracian Boreas, but the South wind drives against her, beneath the Ram and the Pair of Fishes, the hateful Monster, Cetus, set as he is a little above the Starry River.

Οἶον γὰρ κἀκεῖνο θεῶν ὑπὸ ποσσὶ φορεῖται
360 λείψανον Ἠριδανοῖο, πολυκλαύστου ποταμοῖο.
Καὶ τὸ μὲν Ὠρίωνος ὑπὸ σκαιὸν πόδα τείνει·
δεσμοὶ δ’ οὐράνιοι, τοις Ἰχθύες ἄκροι ἔχονται,
ἄμφω συμφορέονται ἀπ’ οὐραίων κατιόντες,
Κητείης δ’ ὄπιθεν λοφιῆς ἐπιμὶξ φορέονται
365 εἰς ἓν ἐλαυνόμενοι· ἑνὶ δ’ ἀστέρι πειραίνονται,
Κήτεος ὃς κείνου πρώτηι ἐπίκειται ἀκάνθῃ.
Οἱ δ’ ὀλίγῳ μέτρῳ, ὀλίγῃ δ’ ἐγκείμενοι αἴγλῃ,
μεσσόθι πηδαλίου καὶ Κήτεος εἱλίσσονται,
γλαυκοῦ πεπτηῶτες ὑπὸ πλευρῇσι Λαγωοῦ,
370 νώνυμοι· οὐ γὰρ τοί γε τετυγμένου εἰδώλοιο
βεβλέαται μελέεσσιν ἐοικότες, οἷά τε πολλὰ
ἑξείης στιχόωντα παρέρχεται αὐτὰ κέλευθα
ἀνομένων ἐτέων, τά τις ἀνδρῶν οὐκέτ’ ἐόντων
ἐφράσατ’ ἠδ’ ἐνόησεν ἅπαντ’ ὀνομαστὶ καλέσσαι
375 ἤλιθα μορφώσας· οὐ γὰρ κ’ ἐδυνήσατο πάντων
οἰόθι κεκριμένων ὄνομ’ εἰπέμεν οὐδὲ δαῆναι·
πολλοὶ γὰρ πάντη, πολέων δ’ ἐπὶ ἶσα πέλονται
μέτρα τε καὶ χροιή, πάντες γε μὲν ἀμφιέλικτοι.
Τῷ καὶ ὁμηγερέας οἱ ἐείσατο ποιήσασθαι
380 ἀστέρας, ὄφρ’ ἐπιτὰξ ἄλλῳ παρακείμενος ἄλλος
εἴδεα σημαίνοιεν. Ἄφαρ δ’ ὀνομαστὰ γένοντο
ἄστρα, καὶ οὐκέτι νῦν ὑπὸ θαύματι τέλλεται ἀστήρ·
ἀλλ’ οἱ μὲν καθαροῖς ἐναρηρότες εἰδώλοισι
φαίνονται, τὰ δ’ ἔνερθε διωκομένοιο Λαγωοῦ
385 πάντα μάλ’ ἠερόεντα καὶ οὐκ ὀνομαστὰ φέρονται.

     For alone are those poor remains of Eridanus, River of many tears, also borne beneath the feet of the Gods. He winds beneath Orion’s left foot, but the Shackles, wherewith the Fishes’ tails are held, reach form their tails and join together, and behind the neck of Cetus they mingle their path and fare together. They end in a single star of Cetus, set where meet his spine and head. Other stars, mean in size and feeble in splendour, wheel between the Rudder of Argo and Cetus, and beneath the grey Hare’s sides they are set without a name. For they are not set like the limbs of a fashioned figure, such as, many in number, fare in order along their constant paths, as the years are fulfilled – stars, which someone of the men that are no more noted and marked how to group in figures and call all by a single name. For it had passed his skill to know each single star or name them one by one. Many are they on every hand and of many the magnitudes and colours are the same, while all go circling round. Wherefore he deemed fit to group the stars in companies, so that in order, set each by other, they might form figures. Hence the constellations got their names, and now no longer does any star rise a marvel from beneath the horizon. Now the other stars are grouped in clear figures and brightly shine, but those beneath the hunted Hare are all clad in mist and nameless in their course.

Νειόθι δ’ Αἰγοκερῆος, ὑπὸ πνοιῇσι νότοιο,
Ἰχθῦς ἐς Κῆτος τετραμμένος αἰωρεῖται ³⁰
οἶος ἀπὸ προτέρων, Νότιον δέ ἑ κικλήσκουσιν.
Ἄλλοι δὲ σπορόδην ὑποκείμενοι Ὑδροχοῆι
390 Κήτεος αἰθερίοιο καὶ Ἰχθύος ἠερέθονται
μέσσοι νωχελέες καὶ ἀνώνυμοι, ἐγγύθι δέ σφέων,
δεξιτερῆς ἀπὸ χειρὸς ἀγαυοῦ Ὑδροχόοιο,
οἵη τίς τ’ ὀλίγη χύσις ὕδατος ἔνθα καὶ ἔνθα
σκιδναμένου, χαροποὶ καὶ ἀναλδέες εἱλίσσονται.
395 Ἐν δέ σφιν δύο μᾶλλον ἐειδόμενοι φορέονται
ἀστέρες οὔτε τι πολλὸν ἀπήοροι οὔτε μάλ’ ἐγγύς,
εἷς μὲν ὑπ’ ἀμφοτέροισι ποσὶν καλός τε μέγας τε
Ὑδροχόου, ὁ δὲ κυανέου ὑπὸ Κήτεος οὐρῇ·
τοὺς πάντας καλέουσιν Ὕδωρ. Ὀλίγοι γε μὲν ἄλλοι
400 νειόθι Τοξευτῆρος ὑπὸ προτέροισι πόδεσσιν
ἄγνωτοι κύκλῳ περιηγέες εἱλίσσονται.
Αὐτὰρ ὑπ’ αἰθομένῳ κέντρῳ τέραος μεγάλοιο
Σκορπίου, ἄγχι νότοιο, Θυτήριον αἰωρεῖται.
Τοῦ δ’ ἤτοι ὀλίγον μὲν ἐπὶ χρόνον ὑψόθ’ ἐόντος
405 πεύσεαι· ἀντιπέρην γὰρ ἀείρεται Ἀρκτούροιο.

     Below Aegoceros before the blasts of the South Wind swims a Fish, facing Cetus, alone and part from the former Fishes; and him men call the Southern Fish [Piscis Australis]. Other stars, sparsely set beneath Hydrochoüs [Aquarius], hang on high between Cetus in the heavens and the Fish, dim and nameless, and near them on the right hand of bright Hydrochoüs, like some sprinked drops of water lightly shed on this side and on that, other stars wheel bright-eyed though weak. But among them are borne two of more lustrous form, not far apart and yet not near: one beneath both feet of Hydrochoüs, a goodly star and bright, the other beneath the tail of dark-blue Cetus. This cluster as a whole men call The Water. But others low beneath the forefeet of the Archer, a tuned in a circled ring, go wheeling round the sky. Below the fiery sting of the dread monster, Scorpion, and near the South is hung the Altar [Ara]. Brief is the space thou wilt behold it above the horizon, for it rises over against Arcturus.

Καὶ τῷ μὲν μάλα πάγχυ μετήοροί εἰσι κέλευθοι
Ἀρκτούρῳ, τὸ δὲ θᾶσσον ὑφ’ ἑσπερίην ἅλα νεῖται.
Ἀλλ’ ἄρα καὶ περὶ κεῖνο Θυτήριον ἀρχαίη Νύξ ³¹,
ἀνθρώπων κλαίουσα πόνον, χειμῶνος ἔθηκεν
410 εἰναλίου μέγα σῆμα· κεδαιόμεναι γὰρ ἐκείνῃ
νῆες ἀπὸ φρενός εἰσι· τὰ δ’ ἄλλοθεν ἄλλα πιφαύσκει
σήματ’, ἐποικτείρουσα πολυρροθίους ἀνθρώπους.
Τῷ μή μοι πελάγει νεφέων εἰλυμένῳ, ἄλλων
εὔχεο μεσσόθι κεῖνο φανήμεναι οὐρανῷ ἄστρον,
415 αὐτὸ μὲν ἀνέφελόν τε καὶ ἀγλαόν, ὕψι δὲ μᾶλλον
κυμαίνοντι νέφει πεπιεσμένον, οἷά τε πολλὰ
θλίβετ’ ἀναστέλλοντος ὀπωρινοῦ βορέαο.
Πολλάκι γὰρ καὶ τοῦτο νότῳ ἔπι σῆμα τιτύσκει
Νὺξ αὐτὴ μογεροῖσι χαριζομένη ναύτῃσιν.
420 Οἱ δ’ εἰ μέν κε πίθωνται ἐναίσιμα σημαινούσῃ,
αἶψα δὲ κοῦφά τε πάντα καὶ ἄρτια ποιήσωνται,
αὐτίκ’ ἐλαφρότερος πέλεται πόνος· εἰ δέ κε νηὶ
ὑψόθεν ἐμπλήξῃ δεινὴ ἀνέμοιο θύελλα
αὕτως ἀπρόφατος, τὰ δὲ λαίφεα πάντα ταράξῃ,
425 ἄλλοτε μὲν καὶ πάμπαν ὑπόβρυχα ναυτίλλονται,
ἄλλοτε δ’, αἴ κε Διὸς παρανισσομένοιο τύχωσιν
εὐχόμενοι, βορέω δὲ παραστράψῃ ἀνέμοιο,
πολλὰ μάλ’ ὀτλήσαντες ὅμως πάλιν ἐσκέψαντο
ἀλλήλους ἐπὶ νῆα. Νότον δ’ ἐπὶ σήματι τούτῳ
430 δείδιθι, μέχρι βορῆος ἀπαστράψαντος ἴδηαι.

     High runs the path of Arcturus, but sooner passes the Altar to the western sea. But the Altar even beyond aught else hath ancient Night, weeping the woe of men, set to be a mighty sing of storm at sea. For ships in trouble pain her heart, and other signs in other quarters she kindles in sorrow for mariners, storm-buffeted at sea. Wherefore I bid thee pray, when in the open sea, that that constellation wrapt in clouds appear not amidst the others in the heavens, herself unclouded and resplendent above  with billowing clouds, as often it is beset when the autumn wind drives them back. For often Night herself reveals this sign, also, for the South Wind in her kindness to toiling sailors. If they heed her favouring signs and quickly lighten their craft and set all in order, on a sudden lo! their task is easier: but if from on high a dread gust of wind smite their ship, all unforeseen, and throw in turmoil all the sails, sometimes they make their voyage all beneath the waves, but at other times, if they win by their prayers Zeus to their aid, and the might of the north wind pass in lightning, after much toil they yet again see each other on the ship. But at this sign fear the South Wind, until thou see’st the North Wind come with lightning.

Εἰ δέ κεν ἑσπερίης μὲν ἁλὸς Κενταύρου ἀπείη
ὦμος ὅσον προτέρης, ὀλίγη δέ μιν εἰλύοι ἀχλὺς
αὐτόν, ἀτὰρ μετόπισθεν ἐοικότα σήματα τεύχοι
Νύξ ἐπὶ παμφανόωντι Θυτηρίῳ, οὔ σε μάλα χρὴ
435 ἐς νότον, ἀλλ’ εὔροιο περισκοπέειν ἀνέμοιο.
Δήεις δ’ ἄστρον ἐκεῖνο δύω ὑποκείμενον ἄλλοις·
τοῦ γάρ τοι τὰ μὲν ἀνδρὶ ἐοικότα νειόθι κεῖται
Σκορπίου, ἱππούραια δ’ ὑπὸ σφίσι Χηλαὶ ἔχουσιν.
Αὐτὰρ ὁ δεξιτερὴν αἰεὶ τανύοντι ἔοικεν
440 ἀντία δινωτοῖο Θυτηρίου, ἐν δέ οἱ ἀπρὶξ
ἄλλο μάλ’ ἐσφήκωται ἐληλάμενον διὰ χειρὸς,
Θηρίον· ὣς γάρ μιν πρότεροι ἐπεφημίξαντο.
Ἀλλ’ ἔτι γὰρ καὶ ἔτ’ ἄλλο περαιόθεν ἕλκεται ἄστρον·
Ὕδρην μιν καλέουσι, τὸ δὲ ζώοντι ἐοικὸς
445 ἠνεκὲς εἰλεῖται, καί οἱ κεφαλὴ ὑπὸ μέσσον
Καρκίνον ἱκνεῖται, σπείρη δ’ ὑπὸ σῶμα Λέοντος,
οὐρὴ δὲ κρέμαται ὑπὲρ αὐτοῦ Κενταύροιο ³² ·
μέσσῃ δὲ σπείρῃ Κρητήρ, πυμάτῃ δ’ ἐπίκειται
εἴδωλον Κόρακος σπείρην κόπτοντι ἐοικός.
450 Ναὶ μὴν καὶ Προκύων ³³ Διδύμοις ὕπο καλὰ φαείνει.

     But if the shoulder of Centaur is as far from the western as from the eastern sea, and a faint mist veils it, while behind Night kindles like signs of storm upon the gleaming Atlar, thou must not look for the South, but bethink thee of an East Wind. The constellation of Centaur [Centaurus] thou wilt find beneath two others. For part in human form lies beneath Scorpio, but the rest, a horse’s trunk and tail, are beneath the Claws. He ever seems to stretch his right hand towards the round Altar, but though his hand is drawn and firmly grasped another sign – the Beast [Fera], for so men of old have named it. Another constellation trails beyond, which men call the Hydra. Like a living creature it winds afar its coiling form. Its head comes beneath the middle of the Crab, its coil beneath the body of the Lion, and its tail hangs above the Centaur himself. Midway on its coiling form is set the Crater, and at the tip the figure of a Raven [Corvus] that seems to peck at the coil. There, too, by the Hydra beneath the Twins brightly shines Procyon.